ZAMENIX is an endoluminal non-invasive surgical robot designed for kidney stone treatment. It enables the remote operation of a flexible ureteroscope, laser fiber, and stone basket to facilitate the removal of ureter and renal stones. The system is compatible with commercial flexible ureteroscopes and allows a single operator to intuitively and comfortably manipulate the ureteroscope and instruments remotely without wearing an X-ray protective lead gown. Additionally, ZAMENIX offers assistive functions to enhance surgical efficiency and safety. These include an automation feature that records and replays ureteroscope motions, a function to guide the removal of excessively large stones to prevent ureteral injury, and respiratory motion compensation, which allows precise laser positioning following the kidney's movement due to the patient's breathing. The first-in-human clinical trial, approved by the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, demonstrated a high stone-free rate and no major complications.
